Choosing a Reporter Assay that Fits Your Research

The right luciferase reporter can transform your research. Finding an assay that matches your experimental needs requires clarity on what matters most: sensitivity, throughput, signal duration. This guide will help you choose the right luciferase reporter system for your experimental goals.

Luciferase Reporters and Detection Reagents

We developed the first commercially available luciferase assay reagents in 1991. Since then, our scientists have continued engineering bioluminescent reporter technologies. Today this work spans genetic reporter assays, protein interaction studies, target engagement and live-cell imaging. We offer three distinct luciferase reporters (NanoLuc, firefly, Renilla) that are each engineered with different size, brightness and substrate properties to match specific experimental designs.

What's Your Bottleneck?

Before comparing reporters, consider what matters most for your specific research. Once you've identified your primary need, use the comparison tables below to narrow down your options.

  • Need the brightest signal for sensitive detection?
    NanoLuc® luciferase, a 19kDa enzyme, is approximately 100-fold brighter than firefly or Renilla at equivalent expression levels when maximum sensitivity is needed for low-expression targets or limited samples.

  • Running high-throughput screening and prefer speed over sensitivity?
    NanoLuc® and Firefly luciferase with homogenous "add-and-read" reagents (Nano-Glo, Bright-Glo, ONE-Glo) eliminate separate lysis steps and are designed for high-throughput, plate-based workflows.

  • Want to normalize reporter data with an internal control?
    Dual-reporter formats, such as pairing a firefly experimental reporter with Renilla or NanoLuc provide in-well options for a normalization control. These comprise the standard approach for transcriptional studies where transfection efficiency must be controlled.

  • Measuring dynamic changes over hours or days?
    Live-cell substrates (Endurazine, Vivazine, EnduRen) enable non-lytic, kinetic measurements from the same cell population over hours to days for time-course and longitudinal experiments.

How do signal strength and stability differ across luciferase assay systems?

Dual-Luciferase® Assay Options

Firefly Luciferase Assay Options

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Here, we compared luminescence signals from HEK293 cells transfected with a 1:1:8 ratio of either TK-Rluc (Renilla):TK-Fluc (firefly):carrier DNA or TK-Nluc (NanoLuc):TK-Fluc:carrier DNA and assayed with NanoDLR™, DLR™ or Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay Systems as indicated. The NanoDLR(TM) and Dual-Glo(R) reagents are homogenous assay systems with increased signal stability. The DLR(TM) reagent is a non-homogenous assay with a flash signal that decays rapidly.

Here we demonstrate luminescence signal over time from a dilution of QuantiLum® Recombinant Luciferase assayed with various firefly luciferase detection reagents as indicated. The Luciferase Assay System is a non-homogenous reagent that provides the brightest initial luminescence with flash kinetics that has rapid signal decay. The Bright-Glo™, ONE-Glo™, ONE-Glo™ EX, and Steady-Glo® systems are homogenous reagents that show progressively decreasing levels of initial brightness with respective increases in signal half-life.

Dual-Luciferase® Assay Options

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Here, we compared luminescence signals from HEK293 cells transfected with a 1:1:8 ratio of either TK-Rluc (Renilla):TK-Fluc (firefly):carrier DNA or TK-Nluc (NanoLuc):TK-Fluc:carrier DNA and assayed with NanoDLR™, DLR™ or Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay Systems as indicated. The NanoDLR(TM) and Dual-Glo(R) reagents are homogenous assay systems with increased signal stability. The DLR(TM) reagent is a non-homogenous assay with a flash signal that decays rapidly.

Firefly Luciferase Assay Options

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Here we demonstrate luminescence signal over time from a dilution of QuantiLum® Recombinant Luciferase assayed with various firefly luciferase detection reagents as indicated. The Luciferase Assay System is a non-homogenous reagent that provides the brightest initial luminescence with flash kinetics that has rapid signal decay. The Bright-Glo™, ONE-Glo™, ONE-Glo™ EX, and Steady-Glo® systems are homogenous reagents that show progressively decreasing levels of initial brightness with respective increases in signal half-life.


How do I choose a luciferase assay system?

What should I consider when designing a bioluminescent reporter assay? 

Interested in learning more about reporter assay design? Our two-part "Designing a Bioluminescent Reporter Assay" guide will walk you through basic considerations for choosing the optimal experimental reporter, experimental design and data analysis methods.